Lipid Nanoparticle Technology a Key Component of COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines
Lipid Nanoparticle Technology a Key Component of COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines
Abstract
Background: The emergency use authorization (EUA) by the US-FDA for two mRNA-based vaccines BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) and mRNA-1273 (Moderna) has increased the confidence of addressing the COVID-19 pandemic which has killed millions of people worldwide. The aim was to review literature on lipid nanoparticle technology as a key component of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. Methods: An introductory literature search was conducted by using keywords including “COVID-19”, mRNA vaccines” nanotechnology” and others in the databases; Google Scholar and PubMed. Results: Using coronavirus disease-2019 vaccine related articles it was evident that lipid nanotechnology has played a significant role in the success of mRNA vaccines. Nanoparticles (NPs) as delivery vehicles render stability to the encased mRNA from ribonucleases, facilitating delivery of high mRNA concentrations into the target cells. The ionisable "lipid nanoparticle" (LNP) facilitates Ribosomal nucleic acid (RNA) complexation and has the capacity to avoid reticuloendothelial clearance and subsequent endocytosis. These unique properties of the lipid nanocarrier technology can be attributed to the overwhelming success of the two-mRNA based COVID-19 vaccines with ~95% efficacy in phase III clinical trials. When compared against the traditional liposomal bilayer carriers, LNPs possess rigid morphology, better stability profile and improved cellular penetration of the cargo. Conclusion: The efficacy and rate at which BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) and mRNA-1273 (Moderna) mRNA vaccines were formulated has showcased the potential of nanotechnology in aiding the alleviation of the COVID-19 health crisis and has further demonstrated the undeniable impact of nano-medicine in tackling future health challenges reducing morbidity and mortality worldwide.All authors who submit their paper for publication will abide by following provisions of the copyright transfer: 1. The copyright of the paper rests with the authors. And they are transferring the copyright to publish the article and used the article for indexing and storing for public use with due reference to published matter in the name of concerned authors. 2. The authors reserve all proprietary rights such as patent rights and the right to use all or part of the article in future works of their own such as lectures, press releases, and reviews of textbooks. 3. In the case of republication of the whole, part, or parts thereof, in periodicals or reprint publications by a third party, written permission must be obtained from the Managing Editor of JPRM. 4. The authors declare that the material being presented by them in this paper is their original work, and does not contain or include material taken from other copyrighted sources. Wherever such material has been included, it has been clearly indented or/and identified by quotation marks and due and proper acknowledgements given by citing the source at appropriate places. 5. The paper, the final version of which they submit, is not substantially the same as any that they had already published elsewhere. 6. They declare that they have not sent the paper or any paper substantially the same as the submitted one, for publication anywhere else. 7. Furthermore, the author may only post his/her version provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication in this journal and a link is inserted wherever published. 8. All contents, Parts, written matters, publications are under copyright act taken by JPRM. 9. Published articles will be available for use by scholars and researchers. 10. IJPRM is not responsible in any type of claim on publication in our Journal. .