HIV and cardiovascular disease: A review of awareness and control of risk factors
Abstract
Background: People living with HIV (PWLH) face an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), posing a significant public health challenge. Understanding the intricate mechanisms behind this heightened risk is imperative for crafting precise interventions aimed at alleviating the burden of CVD within this demographic. Methods: To capture evolving trends pertaining to HIV and CVD and their interplay, this comprehensive review encompassed a thorough search of diverse literature types, encompassing peer-reviewed research, editorials, and research papers. The search spanned various databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, and the National Library of Medicine's hub, with a particular emphasis on articles bearing the "association" tag. This exhaustive exploration continued through March 28, 2023, with additional pertinent studies identified through a meticulous examination of citations within these articles. This narrative review endeavors to scrutinize the intricate relationship between HIV infection and CVD, elucidate the underlying mechanisms contributing to the heightened risk, and underscore the pivotal significance of early screening and the vigilant management of conventional CVD risk factors among PWLH. Conclusion: An accumulating body of evidence underscores that PWLH confront a significantly augmented risk of CVD in comparison to the general populace. This elevated risk encompasses a multitude of factors, encompassing traditional CVD risk factors, HIV-related variables, chronic inflammation, immune activation, and metabolic perturbations associated with antiretroviral therapy. The proactive screening and meticulous management of traditional CVD risk factors, including hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia, alongside steadfast adherence to antiretroviral therapy, stand as paramount strategies for mitigating the CVD risk among PWLH. This review underscores the imperative for further research to unravel the intricate mechanisms underpinning CVD in PWLH and to formulate precision-targeted interventions aimed at alleviating the burden of CVD within this population.All authors who submit their paper for publication will abide by following provisions of the copyright transfer: 1. The copyright of the paper rests with the authors. And they are transferring the copyright to publish the article and used the article for indexing and storing for public use with due reference to published matter in the name of concerned authors. 2. The authors reserve all proprietary rights such as patent rights and the right to use all or part of the article in future works of their own such as lectures, press releases, and reviews of textbooks. 3. In the case of republication of the whole, part, or parts thereof, in periodicals or reprint publications by a third party, written permission must be obtained from the Managing Editor of JPRM. 4. The authors declare that the material being presented by them in this paper is their original work, and does not contain or include material taken from other copyrighted sources. Wherever such material has been included, it has been clearly indented or/and identified by quotation marks and due and proper acknowledgements given by citing the source at appropriate places. 5. The paper, the final version of which they submit, is not substantially the same as any that they had already published elsewhere. 6. They declare that they have not sent the paper or any paper substantially the same as the submitted one, for publication anywhere else. 7. Furthermore, the author may only post his/her version provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication in this journal and a link is inserted wherever published. 8. All contents, Parts, written matters, publications are under copyright act taken by JPRM. 9. Published articles will be available for use by scholars and researchers. 10. IJPRM is not responsible in any type of claim on publication in our Journal. .