Mismanagement of pesticides among smallholder farmers: A growing concern

  • Kweleka Mwanza Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, School of Natural Sciences, University of Zambia https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4097-4124
  • Jasper Musa Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, School of Natural Sciences, University of Zambia
  • Bridget Bwalya Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, School of Natural Sciences, University of Zambia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3655-2248
Keywords: Agriculture, smallholder farmers, pesticides, Aluminium phosphate

Abstract

Africa's agricultural sector faces a significant threat from pests and diseases, leading to increased reliance on chemical pesticides among smallholder farmers. Recent surveys across Sub Saharan Africa reveal high pesticide use, with up to 87% reported in Rwanda. However, the indiscriminate use and improper disposal of pesticides raise concerns about long-term effects on human health and the environment. Epidemiological and molecular research underscores the risks of pesticide exposure, contributing to respiratory complications, reproductive disorders, birth defects, and environmental disruptions. Smallholder farmers, frequently exposed without proper protection, suffer from various health symptoms, such as headaches, skin irritations, and digestive issues. Globally, pesticide poisoning accounts for nearly 300,000 deaths annually. Efforts to address this issue require a multi-pronged approach. Firstly, investment in agricultural extension services is essential to provide training on sustainable farming practices that reduce pesticide dependence. Secondly, policymakers must promote safer alternatives to highly hazardous pesticides, including bio-pesticides, botanical extracts, and integrated pest management techniques. Finally, strengthening regulatory frameworks and enforcement is crucial to control pesticide sale, distribution, and ensure safe usage. The misuse of chemical pesticides poses a serious threat to human health, the environment, and agriculture productivity. Addressing these challenges requires immediate action to ensure the well-being of smallholder farmers, protect human health, and safeguard the environment.
Published
2023-11-08