Are Fresh Stillbirths from Caesarean Sections Associated with Socioeconomic Status? A Case Control Study at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia.
Keywords:
Fresh, stillbirths, caesarean sections, socioeconomic status
Abstract
Introduction: Stillbirths occur worldwide at a rate of 3.2 million per year. There is however lack of interest in stillbirths especially those from caesarean sections. Discrepancy of high stillbirth rates from caesarean sections in low to middle income countries as compared to developed countries may indicate the influence of socioeconomic status. This study was designed to investigate if socioeconomic status is associated with caesarean section fresh stillbirths. Methods: The study involved 330 women who underwent emergency caesarean sections from October, 2013 to August, 2014. Of these, 110 were cases and 220 were controls. Data collection was done using an interviewer administered questionnaire in the immediate postoperative period. Results: Low socioeconomic status was associated with increased odds of caesarean section fresh stillbirths. The association was however not statistically significant. Key wordsReferences
1. WHO, Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health Data, [Internet]. [cited 2019 Dec 6]:11. Available from: https://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/epidemiology/stillbirth/en/
2. Stringer E, Vwalika B, Killam W, Giganti M, Mbewe R, Chi B, Chintu N, Rouse D, Goldenberg R, Stringer J. Determinants of Stillbirth in Zambia, The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. 2011; 117(5): 1151-1159
3. Turnbull E, Lembalemba M, Guffey M, Bolton-Moore C, Mubiana-Mbewe M, Chintu N. Causes of stillbirth, neonatal death and early childhood death in rural Zambia by verbal autopsy assessments, Tropical Medicine and International Health. 2011; 16 (7): 894–901
4. Lawn J, Gravett M, Nunes T, Rubens C, Stanton C. Global report on preterm birth and stillbirth (1 of 7): definitions, description of the burden and opportunities to improve data, BMC pregnancy and child health. 2010; 10(1)
5. Reeske A, Kutschmann M, Razum O and Spallek J. Stillbirth differences according to regions of origin: an analysis of the German perinatal database, 2004-2007, BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. 2011; 11(63) 1471-2393
6. McClure E, Pasha O, Goudar S, Chomba E, Garses A, Tshefu A. Epidemiology of stillbirth in low-middle income countries: A Global Network Study, Acta obstetrica et Gynecology. 2011; 90: 1379-85
7. Feresu A.S, Harlow S.D, Welch K and Gillespie B.W. Incidence of stillbirth and perinatal mortality and their associated factors among women delivering at Harare maternity Hospital, Zimbabwe: a cross section retrospective analysis, Biomed Central. 2005; 5(9)
8. Fenton P, Whitty C. and Reynolds F. Caesarean section in Malawi: prospective study of early maternal and perinatal mortality, British Medical Journal. 2003; 327: 537
9. Luque-Ferna´ndez M, Lone N, Gutie´ rrez-Garitano I, Bueno-Cavanillas A. Stillbirth risk by maternal socio-economic status and country of origin: a population-based observational study in Spain, 2007–08, European Journal of Public Health. 2011; 22(4) 524-529
10. Archana S, Bukola F, M’lmunya J, Amokrane, Nafiou I. and Neves I. Cesarean delivery outcomes from the WHO global survey on maternal and perinatal health in Africa, International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 2009; 10.1016/j.iigo.2009.08.01
11. Zhang X, Joseph KS, Cnattings S and Krammer M. Birth weight differences between preterm stillbirths and live births; an analysis of population based studies from the U.S. and Sweden, Biomedical Central. 2012; 12(119)
2. Stringer E, Vwalika B, Killam W, Giganti M, Mbewe R, Chi B, Chintu N, Rouse D, Goldenberg R, Stringer J. Determinants of Stillbirth in Zambia, The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. 2011; 117(5): 1151-1159
3. Turnbull E, Lembalemba M, Guffey M, Bolton-Moore C, Mubiana-Mbewe M, Chintu N. Causes of stillbirth, neonatal death and early childhood death in rural Zambia by verbal autopsy assessments, Tropical Medicine and International Health. 2011; 16 (7): 894–901
4. Lawn J, Gravett M, Nunes T, Rubens C, Stanton C. Global report on preterm birth and stillbirth (1 of 7): definitions, description of the burden and opportunities to improve data, BMC pregnancy and child health. 2010; 10(1)
5. Reeske A, Kutschmann M, Razum O and Spallek J. Stillbirth differences according to regions of origin: an analysis of the German perinatal database, 2004-2007, BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. 2011; 11(63) 1471-2393
6. McClure E, Pasha O, Goudar S, Chomba E, Garses A, Tshefu A. Epidemiology of stillbirth in low-middle income countries: A Global Network Study, Acta obstetrica et Gynecology. 2011; 90: 1379-85
7. Feresu A.S, Harlow S.D, Welch K and Gillespie B.W. Incidence of stillbirth and perinatal mortality and their associated factors among women delivering at Harare maternity Hospital, Zimbabwe: a cross section retrospective analysis, Biomed Central. 2005; 5(9)
8. Fenton P, Whitty C. and Reynolds F. Caesarean section in Malawi: prospective study of early maternal and perinatal mortality, British Medical Journal. 2003; 327: 537
9. Luque-Ferna´ndez M, Lone N, Gutie´ rrez-Garitano I, Bueno-Cavanillas A. Stillbirth risk by maternal socio-economic status and country of origin: a population-based observational study in Spain, 2007–08, European Journal of Public Health. 2011; 22(4) 524-529
10. Archana S, Bukola F, M’lmunya J, Amokrane, Nafiou I. and Neves I. Cesarean delivery outcomes from the WHO global survey on maternal and perinatal health in Africa, International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 2009; 10.1016/j.iigo.2009.08.01
11. Zhang X, Joseph KS, Cnattings S and Krammer M. Birth weight differences between preterm stillbirths and live births; an analysis of population based studies from the U.S. and Sweden, Biomedical Central. 2012; 12(119)
Published
2020-06-30
How to Cite
1.
Chanda K, Vwalika B, Shanzi A. Are Fresh Stillbirths from Caesarean Sections Associated with Socioeconomic Status? A Case Control Study at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia. Journal of Agricultural and Biomedical Sciences [Internet]. 30Jun.2020 [cited 21Nov.2024];4(2). Available from: https://vet.unza.zm/index.php/JABS/article/view/390
Section
Biomedical Sciences
Copyright: ©️ JABS. Articles in this journal are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.